Electrochemical
Analysis
Core Offerings
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
We utilize EIS to characterize the various electrochemical processes occurring within the battery. By applying a small AC signal over a range of frequencies, we can analyze the impedance response and gain insights into electrode kinetics (how fast the electrochemical reactions occur), charge transfer resistance at the electrode-electrolyte interface, and diffusion processes of ions within the electrolyte and electrode materials. EIS is a powerful tool for evaluating the state-of-health (SOH) of batteries, studying the formation and growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, and identifying factors limiting battery performance.
Differential Voltage Analysis (DVA)
DVA is a powerful technique for identifying subtle phase transitions and electrochemical events that occur during the charge and discharge processes. By plotting the derivative of voltage with respect to capacity (dV/dQ) or capacity with respect to voltage (dQ/dV), we can reveal changes in the electrochemical behavior of the electrode materials that may not be apparent in standard voltage-capacity curves. DVA is particularly useful for studying lithium intercalation/deintercalation mechanisms, identifying degradation mechanisms, and assessing the uniformity of electrode materials.
Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)
Cyclic voltammetry is employed to investigate the reduction-oxidation reactions occurring at the electrodes or in electrolytes. By sweeping the potential of the working electrode and measuring the resulting current, we can determine the electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte, identify phase transitions within the electrode materials, and study the reversibility and kinetics of the electrochemical reactions. CV provides valuable information about the fundamental electrochemical behavior of battery materials and the mechanisms of charge storage.
Potentiostatic and Galvanostatic Techniques
These fundamental electrochemical techniques involve controlling either the potential (potentiostatic) or the current (galvanostatic) of the battery cell while monitoring the other parameter over time. These methods allow us to study charge and discharge characteristics, determine the capacity of the battery, evaluate Coulombic efficiency (the ratio of charge discharged to charge input), and investigate the voltage and current profiles under various operating conditions, all of which are essential for understanding the basic performance characteristics of battery cells.
Electrolyte Analysis
We offer a comprehensive analysis of the battery electrolyte to understand its composition, conductivity, and stability. Techniques such as Ion Chromatography (IC), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and Karl Fischer titration can be used to determine the concentration of ions, identify decomposition products, and measure water content. Understanding the electrolyte properties is crucial for optimizing battery performance, safety, and cycle life.
OUR Electrochemical Analysis
CAPABILITIES INCLUDE:
- State-of-the-art potentiostats and galvanostats with advanced impedance analysis capabilities, capable of reliable measurement of any cell, from coin to gigantic ESS cell.
- Controlled atmosphere glove boxes to avoid contamination of samples with air and moisture.
- Precise temperature control systems to conduct experiments under relevant operating conditions.
- Expertise in designing and executing a wide range of electrochemical experiments tailored to specific research questions.
- Advanced software and methodologies for data analysis and interpretation.
- Correlation of electrochemical data with macroscopic battery performance and the physical and chemical properties of battery materials.